Human Computer Interaction

Introduction

Terminology

Interface Builder Types

User Interface as a function of gender

HCI Development Tools CASE Tools

Heuristic Analysis

Barriers to effective communication

Online Resources

Online articles

Human Factors and Technology

Cite This

 

 

 

 


Introduction

The Association for Computing Machinery defines human-computer interaction as "a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them, " whereas others define HCI as the study, planning and design of the interaction between people and computers and often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design and several other fields of study. 

Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface, which includes both software and hardware.


Because human-computer interaction studies a human and a machine in conjunction, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant. On the human side, communication theory, graphic and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, social sciences, cognitive psychology, and human factors such as computer user satisfaction are relevant. Engineering and design methods are also relevant. 

 

HCI Analysis include:

  • •Task –All disciplines

  • •User –Ergonomics and Human Factors, Psychology, Sociology

  • •Work Setting –Sociology, Ergonomics

 

 


 


Tool Types

  • Interface Development Tools (IDTs) - used for building the interface itself

  • User Interface Management Systems (UIMSs) - extend the functionality of IDTs to include application development (code generation tools) or scripting tools.
  • UIMS allows the developer to specify the behavior of an application with respect to the interface.
  • These GUI Builders enable the interactive creation of the front-end GUI using a palette of widgets, a widget attribute specification form, a menu hierarchy (menu tree structure), a tool bar, and a view of the form.
  • The UIMS adds the benefits of code generation tools. After the front-end is created by a UIMS, a code generator is used to produce C/C++ code, Motif User Interface Language (UIL) code, Ada code or some combination of C, Ada, and UIL.

 


Website ease of use & preferences as a function of gender

Research demonstrates that it takes visitors a 20th of a second to make a decision about a website (BBC News, 2006). Considering first impressions can influence whether a visitor decides to leave the site or explore it further, perhaps website designers should keep the end goal in mind?

Experts also reveal that users rarely navigate a page from top to bottom they usually get motivated to keep clicking or to spend more time navigating through the links (Krotz, 2009).

Women keep their personal lives and business lives very separate when it comes to social media, according to the 2009 Women in Social Media Study by BlogHer, iVillage, and Compass Partners. While women consider blogs great sources of information, especially regarding purchases, the vast majority of women use social networks solely for keeping in touch with family and friends.

Over half  of the women surveyed said they participate in some kind of blog activity (publishing, posting comments, reading), and 53% use social networks. However, women use social networks as designed:  75% use them to keep in touch with friends and family, and not so much as information sources or for making purchase decisions. That's a major insight considering this is the half of population making 85% of purchase decisions in the US
.

So, do you know the main demographic using your website? Is it meant to attract women, men, or both? If targeted toward a specific sex, there are some things you might need to know about how men and women use websites and approach the buying process. So take the following information, gleaned from studies and surveys, and apply it how you think best - read more.

For further reading on human computer interaction, click here

 

 

Terminology

GUI Toolkit –Software library for building UI’s

User Interface Management System (UIMS)   –Application infrastructure for building GUI app – includes I/O primitives and model for calling app functions

Interface Builder –Often implies direct manipulation interface for constructing UI’s

Window – region on display , App displays data and user interacts with app , Desktop abstraction with title bar, menu bar, window controls, etc.

Widget/gadget – toolkit abstraction for window , Widget input and output window , Gadget output only window

Event – toolkit abstraction for input , Key press or release , Mouse button press or release , Mouse move, enter or leave window , Window damaged, iconified, deiconified, closed, etc.


Tools

GUI TOOLS

 

 

 

A

 

Abeille Forms Designer -

A GUI builder for Java applications. Developers and designers can create complex, professional forms. Designers can drop and drop components onto a WYSIWYG editor. [Shareware]

 

Adaptable Layout Environment (ALE) -

Allows laying out components in a program via a configuration file rather than hard-coding using a layout manager.

 

B

 

BX PRO: GUI builder for Motif

BX PRO 6.0 - The Premier Visual Reuse Environment for Motif Developers. BX PRO provides a comprehensive environment for C/C++ developers building Motif applications. BX PRO comprises Builder Xcessory, EnhancementPak, and ViewKit ObjectPak.

BX/Win SDK 8.0 - The Windows Software Development Kit for BX PRO Users.  The BX/Win SDK is a development kit based of the MKS NuTCRACKER libraries that allows developers to port their Motif applications to Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows 2000.

Builder Xcessory 6.0 - The Award-Winning GUI Builder for Motif.  Builder Xcessory (BX) makes it easy for developers to build Motif applications in C or C++. In BX it is easy to create reusable components, or to integrate third party motif widgets, that can be shared across the development team. BX features excellent code generation with user defined areas where developers can add their own code, which will be preserved when the code is regenerated

 

 

Boa Constructor is a cross platform Python IDE and wxPython GUI Builder. It offers visual frame creation and manipulation, an object inspector, many views on the source like object browsers, inheritance hierarchies, doc string generated html documentation, an advanced debugger and integrated help.

 

BX:  Advanced Visual Reuse Environment for Motif and Java

 

C-D-F-G

 

Database Xcessory 5.0 - The Best Way to Develop Database Applications with OSF/Motif. Database Xcessory (DX) provides 'drag and drop' functionality for building Motif database applications for Oracle, Sybase and Informix. DX gives developers the ease of use of a 4GL or Application Builder environment with the performance of a 3GL custom implementation.

DX: Database Xcessory(tm) is a client/server visual development tool that allows you to create OSF/Motif GUIs that interact directly with Sybase © and Oracle ©

 

Foam -

An UI designer that avoids GridBagLayout, nested panels, and other traditional headaches. Features rapid dialog design, and importantly, easy maintenance. [Commercial]

 

 

Glade is a free user interface builder for GTK+ and GNOME. It is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

 

GridBagger -

A visual editor for creating GUI's with Java's GridBagLayout class. [Freeware]

 

 

H – I – J – K- L

 

JAXFront -

A XML schema based GUI rendering engine generates presentation GUIs "on-the-fly", using an XML schema based representation of the business model. It offers a powerful Visual Editor (XUI-Editor) for adjusting or completely redesign GUI and Forms with drag and drop.

 

JFrameBuilder -

Enables Java developers to create GUI applications using drag-and-drop interface. [Commercial]

 

JDC LayoutBuilder -

A realtime Java GUI Builder that aids in laying out Java components using standard LayoutManager's. [Commercial]

 

Jigloo SWT/Swing GUI Builder for Eclipse and WebSphere - Jigloo creates and manages code for all the parts of Swing or SWT GUIs as well as code to handle events, and shows you the GUIs as they are being built.

 

jvider -

A GUI builder tool for Java Swing applications. [Shareware]

 

 

jvider - GUI builder tool for Java™ Swing applications.

With jvider you can easily design graphical user interfaces for your Java™ applets and applications.

 

lxb is an X/Motif interactive graphical user interface builder. With it you can build a GUI made up of Motif widgets instantiated from a pallet, move and resize them, edit their resources, and move about in the widget heirarchy. Once the GUI is built, pressing a button will produce the required C source files to build the GUI, and an X resource file and Makefile

 

M-N-O-P- Q- R- S-T

 

Marc - Modeless GUI Builder Apply and view property changes repeatedly and immediately.

Construct User-interfaces with Motif widgets using a combination of the point-click and the drag-and-drop paradigm

 

 

Open Motif: Motif for Open Source Platforms

 

Premier Motif:  OSF/Motif libraries

 

PythonCard is a GUI construction kit for building cross-platform desktop applications on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux, using the Python language

 

Ribs - The ReportMill Interface Builder for Swing -

Makes Java GUI design trivial and signficantly reduces code and complexity with "unified accessor model", its no-side-effect GUI updating, its one point of entry response handling and its simple springs and struts absolute positioned layout.

 

SMaker -

XML based GUI builder for Swing. [Commercial]

 

SpeedJG -

A GUI builder tool to create state-of-the-art Java Swing applications. The meta data that describe the GUI are mapped to XML from where Components can be created on the fly or Java source code is generated. [Commercial]

 

TeleUSE/Win lets you develop Microsoft Windows GUI's

TeleUSE/DB helps you build database applications

XRT Professional Developer's Suite - Aonix is a reseller of the KL Group's Motif Widget Products.  The XRT family of widgets (object-oriented software libraries) for Motif is used by thousands of professional developers around the world to build informative, attractive and functional user-interfaces.

 

ThinCLet -

An add-on for Thinlet, the lightweight GUI toolkit for Java. ThinCLet assist to componentize Thinlet applications. It is written by Koen Roevens. [Open source, LGPL]

 

 

U-V-X-Y-W-Z

 

ViewKit: ViewKit is a C++ application framework that makes it easier for you to develop OSF/Motif©; and CDE (Common Desktop Environment) applications

 

wxGlade is a GUI designer written in Python with the popular GUI toolkit wxPython, that helps you create wxWidgets/wxPython user interfaces. It can generate Python, C++ and XRC (wxWidgets' XML resources)

 

 

WxHatch -  If you are building GUI programs using the free WxWindows GUI library, you might be interested in WxHatch which allows you to build basic WxWindows applications with menus, dialog boxes, makefiles, etc, using a GUI interface.

 

YAGB - Yet Another GUI Builder, allows you to build a GUI program for Lesstif (a Motif

 

 

 


Heuristic Analysis

Using Paper Prototypes To Manage Risk (at UIE)

Five Paper Prototyping Tips by M. Klee (at UIE)

Paper Prototypes: Still Our Favorite (at UIE)

Prototyping for tiny fingers by M. Rettig (in ACM DL)

Paper Prototyping (a book review) by Jakob Nielsen

Twenty-Two Tips for a happier, healthier prototype by Rudd and Isensee (in ACM DL)

Heuristic Evaluation at useit.com by Jakob Nielsen

Software Usability Defect Log from Constantine & Lockwood, Ltd.

Heuristic Evaluation, A System Checklist from the Society for Technical Communication's Usability SIG website

Online Resources

ACM Digital Library

interactions magazine homepage

Novanet homepage

HCI Bibliography Project homepage

Examples of Bad Design in the Real World

Doug Englebart's NLS Demonstration (first use of a computer mouse, first computerized hypertext demonstration, etc.) from 1968

HCI Bibliography : Human-Computer Interaction Resources The HCI Bibliography (HCIBIB) is a free-access bibliography on Human-Computer Interaction, with over 60,000 records in a searchable database. HCIBIB.ORG is also one ... hcibib.org 

 

 


Online articles

Choosing a User Interface Development Tool Before you invest in a GUI development tool, you should know its benefits and drawbacks. The authors provide a checklist for choosing a tool that fits your needs. Usability, functionality, flexibility, portability, support, and cost are all part of the picture

Tutorial - Bridging the gap between human experiences and software engineering practices: a pattern-based approach - The tutorial is packaged in different formats including half day introduction, two days design workshop, five days intensive course or a one term course (two hours lecture per week). The following are the main topics/modules:

 

 


 

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